Immuno-electron microscopy IEM (molecular mapping)
Immuno-electron microscopy (IEM) is a technique that enable the localization of antigens at the ultrastructural level by labeling them with specific antibodies conjugated to (nano)gold-particles. The labeling is visualized as an electron-dense deposit in the site of the antigen-antibody reaction. IEM can be performed using the pre-embedding or post-embedding methods.